Botany LS1203 - Plant Biology

Life Cycles 

The descriptions given here for the three types of life cycles found in eukaryotic organisms assume that the organisms described are multicelllular.  
The descriptions also assume that the only ploidy numbers  involved are diploid (2n) and haploid (1n).  

Animal Kingdom: Gametic Life Cycle
In the gametic life cycle, the gamete (egg or sperm) is the only haploid cell produced.  

                            meiosis                           fertilization                        mitosis
2n multicelled       -------->    1n gamete    ----------->   2n zygote    -------->     2n multicelled



Fungi Kingdom: Zygotic Life Cycle
In the zygotic life cycle, the zygote is the only diploid cell produced.    

                          mitosis                             fertilization                               meiosis                   mitosis
1n multicelled     -------->     1n gamete     ----------->     2n zygote   --------> 1n spore  -------->  1n multicelled



Plant Kingdom:  Sporic Life Cycle
In the sporic life cycle, you see alternating multicelled 2n and 1n generations.
A sporophyte is a multicelled 2n plant that makes 1n spores by meiosis.
A spore undergoes mitosis to form a multicelled 1n plant, the gametophyte.
A gametophyte makes gametes by mitosis.

                          meiosis                    mitosis                                mitosis                        fertilization                      mitosis
2n sporophyte   -------->  1n spore  ------->  1 n gametophyte   -------->  1 n gamete  ----------->  2n zygote  -------->  2n sporophyte


Algae
You can find examples of all three types of life cycles, including a three generation variation of the sporic life cycle, among the algae.

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12 September 2002.