Botany LS1203 - Plant Biology - Spring 2011
Terms and sample questions for Exam 2.
Each set of notes has a review list at the end of it. Try writing answers to all of the questions given in those lists. In addition to the topics on the list, you should also know important terms. Use the following list to supplement the other lists. The following includes most (hopefully all) of the terms that go with the material covered for your second exam. For many of the terms, it’s not just a matter of being able to define them. You need to be able to describe their role in a process or structure and distinguish between similar terms. Your textbook also includes review material at the end of each chapter.
| cell eukaryotic cell tissue angiosperm succulence water conservation support gas exchange stem leaf meristematic tissue apical meristem primary meristem procambium protoderm ground meristem lateral meristem vascular cambium cork cambium primary growth secondary growth ground tissue pith cortex mesophyll dermal tissue epidermis periderm cork phelloderm vascular tissue xylem phloem parenchyma cells collenchyma cells sclerenchyma cells fiber sclereid totipotency |
radicle taproot system fibrous root system adventitious root tip regions root cap mucigel rhizosphere root hairs endodermis Casperian strip vascular cylinder pericycle haustoria
Lamarck carnivorous plants |
guard cells stoma trichomes bulliform cells cuticle lenticels tracheids vessel elements sieve tube elements sieve plate companion cells adventitious node internode axillary (lateral) bud phyllotaxy alternate opposite whorled lenticels leaf scar vascular bundle scar bud scale scar wood bark hardwood softwood plant movements essential element
|
sapwood heartwood growth rings spring (early) wood summer (late) wood knots tendrils runner rhizome bulb tubers thorns blade petiole sessile sheath simple leaf compound leaf pinnately compound rachis palmately compound netted venation parallel venation palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll xerophyte hydrophyte mesophyte leaf dimorphism abscission deciduous evergreen phytochrome chlorophyll carotenoid anthocyanin |
chloroplast light reactions photosystems photolysis chlorophyll respiration |
| be able to list all of the essential elements and give at least one metabolic function for each macronutrient | ||||
All of the following statements apply to adaptations EXCEPT
A. adaptations
are inherited characteristics B. adaptations are developed by an individual in response to factors in its
environment
C. adaptations are related to a plant’s ability to survive in a particular
environment D. adaptations are related to reproductive success
The theory of natural selection predicts that in a population of a species
A.
those members that are the most well-adapted will survive B. all members will be genetically identical C. all members will leave surviving offspring
The tissue that moves water and dissolved minerals in a generally upward
direction is
A. xylem B. phloem C. tracheid
D. vessel E. C and D
The maturation zone of the root is characterized by the presence of
A. root hairs B. the apical meristem
C. specialized cells
D. A and C E. B and C
In some leaves, 3 or 5 major veins depart from a single point. This
venation pattern is
A. palmate B. pinnate C.
parallel D. compound E. simple
A sessile leaf is one which
A. is pinnately compound B. is palmately compound
C. lacks stomata D. lacks
cuticle E. lacks a petiole
In a leaf, photosynthesis is primarily the function of the
A. mesophyll B. bundle sheath
C. epidermis
D. vascular bundles E. guard cells
The dark, nonfunctional xylem at the center of a tree is called
A. heartwood B. summer wood C.
hardwood D. sapwood
Growth rings can be seen in cross sections of trees because of differences in
the sizes of the cells of the
A. primary and secondary xylem B. primary and secondary phloem
C. sapwood and heartwood D. spring wood and summer wood
Loose collections of cells that allow gas exchange are called
A. lenticels B. stomata C. bud
scales D. leaf scars
If glucose is completely converted to CO2 (carbon dioxide) during
cellular
respiration, which of the following are produced?
A. water (H2O) B. ATP C. heat
D. A and B E. A, B, and C
During photosynthesis, oxygen (O2) is released from
A. carbon dioxide (CO2) during the light reactions B. carbon
dioxide (CO2) during the Calvin cycle
C. water (H2O) during the light reactions
D. water (H2O) during the Calvin cycle
Plant which engage in C4 photosynthesis
A. have
Kranz anatomy B. lack photorespiration C. lack the Calvin cycle D. A and B E. A and C
Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration have all
of the following in common EXCEPT
A. rely on existing molecules in cells to carry
out the energy conversion reactions
B. are processes that store energy in the form of sugar
C. use organelles with complex internal membrane systems
Which of the following essential elements is NOT obtained by plants as a soil
mineral?
A. carbon (C) B. sulfur (S) C.
calcium (Ca) D. boron (B)
E. none of the above, as A, B, C, and D are all obtained as soil minerals
Why is stepwise conversion of sugar to CO2 important?
What is the importance of generating carbon intermediates during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
What are thermogenic plants? How do they generate more heat then non-thermogenic
plants? What do thermogenic plants sacrifice in order to produce heat
instead?
Under what environmental conditions is CAM photosynthesis an advantage?
Why?
Under what environmental conditions is C4 photosynthesis an advantage? Why?
Why is carnivory an important adaptation for the plants that capture and use prey?
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2 March 2011