ARTH 3850: Art and Architecture of Peru
Travel Study Summer 2012
SYLLABUS
(subject to changes)
The bulleted items indicate required journal entries. Required readings are indicated per section. Please note that the readings/bibliography may change and are still a 'work-in-progress'. Detailed course requirements are listed at the end of this syllabus.
Readings pre-travel:
1. Section on Andean South America in Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 13th edition.
2. "Introduction" from Rebecca Stone Miller's Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca (Thames and Hudson 1995)
3. Tom Cummins, "Silver Threads and Golden Needles: The Inca, the Spanish, and the Sacred World of Humanity," in The Colonial Andes: Tapestries and Silverwork 1530-1830 (NY and New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2004).
4. Selections from the Peru Reader
Lima
Sunday, June 10
1. 16th-century Cathedral:
•The Retablo-Façade by Constantino de Vasconcelos andManuel de Escobar, 1657-74
•17th c choir stalls by Pedro Noguera
•1724 painting by Alonso de la Cueva (Cathedral Museum)
•Art from Northern Italy: Bassano Brothers (Cathedral Museum)
•Chest altars with miniature paintings made from potato flour (Cathedral Museum)
2. 16th-century Convento de San Francisco:
•azulejos (Sevillean tiles)
•machimbrado (roof feature)
•Saint Francis of Assisi frescoes
•1656 painting of Last Supper with disciples eating guinea pig and drinking wine from golden Inca cups (qeros)
•catacombs
Monday, June 11
1. Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia:
•Estela Raimondi, Chavín de Huantar (1300-200 BCE)
•one piece of your choice from the Paracas tapestries
•one piece of your choice from the Chimú gold collection
2. Museo Larca: Ceramics, textiles, gold-pieces
•Paracas textile with 398 threads per inch
•one piece of your choice from the jewelry vault
•one piece of your choice from the Moche erotic ceramics collection
Readings:
1. Richard L. Burger, "The Sacred Center of Chavín de Huántar", in The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1992).
2. Elizabeth P. Benson: "The World of Moche" in The Ancient Americas (see above)
3. Susan E. Bergh, "Death and Renewal in Moche Phallic-Spouted Vessels," Res 24 (Fall 1993).
Cusco °Urubamba Valley
Readings:
1. Tom Cummins: "A Tale of Two Cities: Cuzco, Lima and the Construction of Colonial Representation" in Converging Cultures: Art and Identity in Spanish America (Brooklyn Museum 1996)
2. Fernando Elorrieta Salazar and Edgar Elorrieta Salazar: "The Origin of the City of Cusco" in Cusco and the Sacred Valley of the Incas (Lima: Tankar E.I.R.L., 2006).
Pisac
Wednesday, June 13
1. Inca Ruins of Pisac:
•Qanchisraqay (1st residential area)
•Han'am P'isaq (2nd residential area)
•Q'alla Q'asa (3rd residential area)
•Chacana step pattern
2. Artesanía market of Pisac:
•personal observations about Peruvian arts and crafts
Reading:
John Hemming, "Pisac," in Monuments of the Incas (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1982).
Ollantaytambo
Thursday, June 14
1. Inca Town and Ruins of Ollantaytambo:
•Museo CATCCO
•Qozqo Ayllu (Inca town)
•Temple of the Sun
•Temple of Ten Niches
•Archaeo-astronomy at Ollantaytambo
Reading:
John Hemming, "Ollantaytambo," in Monuments of the Incas (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1982).
Maras, Moray and Chinchero
Friday, June 15
1. Salt Mines at Maras
2. Inca Ruins of Moray
•Moray as a gigantic crops laboratory
1. Chinchero
•Inca wall with niches on main square
•personal observations about the Awana Wasi textile cooperative
Readings:
1. John Hemming, "Moary," in Monuments of the Incas (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1982).
2. Yukihoro Tsunoyama, "Textiles of the Andes," in Textiles of the Andes Catalog of the Amano Collection (San Francisco: Heian International, 1979).
Cusco
Saturday, June 16 through Friday, June 22
1. 16/17th-century Catedral
•Cusco School Paintings
2. 17th-century Iglesia de La Compañia
•Façade
•Baroque altar
3. Iglesia de La Merced
4. Museo Inka
•qeros collection
5. Coricancha ("Sun Temple")
•open journal entry
6. Museo de Arte Pre-Colombino (layout designed by Fernando de Szyszlo, one of Peru's most respected contemporary painters)
•open journal entry
7. Museo Historico Regional (Chavin; Moche; Chimú; Chancay; Inca; Nazca mummy; Cusco School Painting)
•open journal entry
8. Palacio Municipal
9. Museo Santa Catalina
10.Museo Municipal de Arte Contemporáneo
•open journal entry
11.Inca Ruins of Sacsayhuamán above Cusco (Monday, June 18)
•open journal entry
12.Qenqo/Kenko Inca Ruins near Sacsayhuamån (Monday, June 18)
•the ubiquitous sacred motif, the puma/condor carvings, the zigzag channels, the caves, the amphitheater
13.Church of San Pedro at Andahuaylillas (the "Sistine Chapel" of the Americas; mural by Luis de Riaño) (Wednesday, June 20)
•open journal entry
14.Inca agricultiural terracing at Tipón (Wednesday, June 20)
Readings:
1. Carolyn Dean, "The Renewal of Old World Images and the Creation of Colonial Peruvian Visual Culture," in Converging Cultures: Art and Identity in Spanish America (NY: Brooklyn Museum, 1996).
2. John Hemming, "Coricancha," in Monuments of the Incas (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1982).
3. Carolyn Dean, "Creating a Ruin in Colonial Cusco: Sacsahuamán and What Was Made of It," in Andean Past 5 (1998).
Inca Trail to Macchu Picchu
Saturday, June 23 through Wednesday, June 27
1. Inca Ruins Along the Trail
•Huillca Raccay
•Patallacta & Pulpituyoc
•Runcu Raccay
•Sayac Marca & Concha Marca
•Phuyu Pata Marca/Puyupatamarca
2. Macchu Picchu
•Sun Gate (Intipunku)
•Agricultural terraces
•Temple of the Sun with "Royal Tomb" below
•Fountains
•Temple of the Three Windows and Principal Temple
•Intihuatana
•Sacred Rock with wayronas
•open journal entry: general impressions
Readings:
1. Lucy C. Salazar, "Macchu Picchu: Mysterious Royal Estate in the Cloud Forest," in Richard L. Burger and Lucy C. Salazar, eds., Macchu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
2. Susan A Niles, "Inca Architecture and the Sacred Landscape," in The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1992).
3. Select sections from Ruth M. Wright and Dr. Alfredo Valencia Zegarra: The Machu Pichu Guidebook, revised edition. (Boulder, Co.: Johnson Books, 2004).
4. John Hemming, "Machu Picchu" in Monuments of the Incas (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1982).
Nasca-Paracas
Sunday, July 1 and Monday, July 2
1. Cahuachi and Estaquería Archaeological Complex (400 BCE - 400 CE, Nasca)
•open journal entry
2. Nasca graveyard at Tambo de Perro
•open journal entry
3. Museo Antonini
•ceremonial fishing net
•Nasca ceramics
4. Nasca Lines
•open journal entry
Reading:
Rebecca Stone-Miller, "Paracas and Nasca," in Stone-Miller Art of the Andes from Chavín to Inca (London: Thames and Hudson, 1995).
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
1. Art History Journal (60%):
In the tradition of the 19th-century traveler-reporter artists to Latin America such as Alexander von Humboldt and Frederick Catherwood, you are required to produce a journal, documenting sites and artifacts.
There are 53 required entries - the bulleted items in the syllabus. Each entry should be a minimum of 1/2 to 1 page (and if you feel especially inspired: more! by all means!). The entries should be as "scholarly" as possible: i.e. facts, data, historical information, art historical and cultural observations. You may want to conclude each entry with a personal evaluation, appreciation or even a follow-up question for discussion during class "sessions".
Additional entries (concerning art history, archaeology, Peruvian culture past and present) will be awarded with extra credit.
If you are planning to keep a "personal" travel journal, I kindly ask that you do so in a separate notebook.
2. Readings (30%):
The required readings are listed in the syllabus; most are courtesy of VCU Professor Schreffler's "Peru Readings". A version of this reader will be compiled for this class. We will get together while in Peru to discuss these readings as they become "due". Your honesty, sense of fairness towards your peers and participation in discussions will determine your committed reading of these essays.
3. Class Participation (10%):
Your commitment to learning about the art and architecture of Peru must be evident at all times. Make sure to spend a portion of your free time writing your art history journal entries and reading the required essays. I will check journals while we are in Peru. You must have a "field journal" for note-taking (may be the same as your art history journal) - and I expect you to busily take notes "in situ" as much as possible. Field-notes must then be transcribed into either a typed or 'clean' handwritten format.
Working Bibliography
Ades, Dawn: Art in Latin America (Yale 1989)
Braun, Barbara: Pre-Columbian Art and the Post-Columbian World: Ancient American Sources of Modern Art (Abrams 1993)
Contemporary Peruvian Paintings and Sculptures (Corcoran Gallery of Art 1966)
Frank, Patrick ed.: Readings in Latin American Modern Art (Yale 2004)
Inka - Peru: 3000 Jahre Indianische Hochkulturen (Berlin 1992)
LaRosa, Fernando: BrokenVessel: Eleven Contemporary Photographers (Lehigh University
1995)
Lucie-Smith, Edward: Latin American Art of the 20th Century; 2nd ed. (Thames and
Hudson 2004)
Morris, Craig & Adriana von Hagen: The Cities of the Ancient Andes (Thames and Hudson, 1998)
Mosquera, Gerardo: Beyond the Fantastic: Contemporary Art Criticism from Latin America
(MIT 1996)
Starn, Orin et al. eds: The Peru Reader: History, Culture, Politics, 2nd edition (Duke University 2005)
Wright, Ruth & Alfredo Valencia Zegarra: The Machu Picchu Guidebook (Johnson Books 2004)
Note: A section on Modern and Contemporary Art in Peru (i.e. 20th- and 21st-century) is being researched and developed. This will complement the course focus on ancient Peruvian art with an introduction to contemporary currents (other than the indigenous arts and crafts).
Learning Outcomes
Students will have the opportunity to progress in a number of key areas that the department has identified as qualities that our best Visual Arts graduates should possess. These include:
1. Possess a basic knowledge of visual culture from prehistoric to contemporary times.
We will study the art and architecture of Peru ranging from Pre-Colombian architecture, such as Machu Picchu, through the Colonial period, visiting colonial cathedrals, such as, La Compañia. In addition, we will examine contemporary Peruvian art through visits to galleries in Lima. Students will have assigned readings to provide an art history background for the areas we will visit.
2. Have an awareness of the richness of cultural diversity through the study of creative work from many cultures.
This trip will focus on Peru. It will provide insights into a culture that is not highly represented in Utah. It will give you a chance to study this culture in breadth and depth that would not be possible on campus at WSU.
3. Possess skills in oral and written communication as they pertain to the visual arts.
You will continue to develop your writing ability through journal entries. In addition you will continue to develop their skills in oral communication as they participate in discussions.
4. Be able to think critically. Students should be able not only to analyze a work of art using traditional methods, but should also be able to develop thoughtful new interpretations.
In all of the courses you will be encouraged to critically analyze artworks through guided critiques and discussions applying the concepts covered in their readings.