Honors 3900

Readings on the naturalists.  The ones marked with * are must reads.

Frank N. Egerton has written a series of articles on the history of ecology as a science for the Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. The three most relevant for this class are:

• History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 33: Naturalists Explore North America, mid-1780s–mid-1820s
• A History of Ecological Sciences, Part 38A: Naturalists Explore North America, mid-1820s to about 1840
• History of Ecological Sciences, Part 38B: Naturalists Explore North America, 1838–1850s
• * Covering much of the same ground but in briefer form:
  Beidleman RG. 1964. Biology and the North American Wilderness. BioScience 14 (12): 22-27.

 The eastern and eastern-ish botanists:

• Benjamin Smith Barton 
  Pennell FW. 1942. Benjamin Smith Barton as Naturalist. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 86 (1): 108-122.
• John Torrey 
  Robbins CC. 1968. John Torrey (1796-1873) His Life and TimesSource. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 95 (6): 515-645.
• *Asa Gray 
  Reveal JL. 2010. Asa Gray and the Botanical Exploration of the American West. Harvard Papers in Botany 15 (2): 309-315.
• * George Engelmann 
  Shaw EA. 1986. Changing Botany in North America: 1835-1860; The Role of George Engelmann. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73 (3): 508-519.

 The Smithsonian Institution

• * United States National Herbarium
• * Spencer F. Baird's Vision for a National Museum

• *Anderson B. Biographical Portrait:  Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887).  Forest History Today, Fall 2002, pp 31-33.