Child Psychology
Practice Exam I
1) ____________ is defined as change in a positive direction.
A) Transition 
B) Development 
C) Alteration 
D) Variation
2) The major problem with having a science based on identifying developmental change is that the term "developmental" is
A) subjective -- No two people can agree on the meaning of the term.
B) relative -- people define the term relative to their theoretical assumptions.
C) unscientific -- people can not prove claims that development change has occurred
D) meaningless -- nobody can see developmental change so it can’t be measured.
3) Which of the following is not a theoretical issue in developmental psychology?
A) Environmental vs. Biological determinants of behavior 
B) Generality vs. Specificity (multiple courses of development)
C) Continuity vs. Discontinuity 
D) Internal vs. External validity
4) Discontinuity theorists portray development as
A) characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid abrupt change.
B) largely determined by early experience.
C) highly variable from individual to individual.
D) gradual change.
5) When stages are said to be universal, it is typical meant that the stages 
A) should apply to all children 
B) should apply across all domains 
C) should apply to the rate of development 
D) A and B above.
E)  All of the above.
6 ) In comparison with Freud, Erikson placed more emphasis on
A) Physical development 
B) Intellectual development 
C) Role of parents 
D) Social & cultural influences
7) Which one of the following pairs of theorists proposed stage theories of development?
A) Piaget, Bandura 
B) Freud, Lorenz 
C) Bronfenbrenner, Erikson 
D) Freud, Piaget
8) Piaget's theory of development differs from information-processing theory in that only Piaget’s theory is based on
A) feedback 
B) environmental stimulation. 
C) general cognitive stages 
D) inherited I.Q.
9) The Ethological Theory of development highlights the importance of _______.
A) the social and historical context. 
B) biological and genetic processes.
C) environmental contingencies. 
D) interpersonal relations.
10) A researcher known for the Ecological Systems approach to development is
A) Bronfenbrenner 
B) Freud 
C) Lorenz 
D) Piaget
11) The approach that emphasizes the role of modeling in the development of behavior is best known as:
A) Behaviorism 
B) Social Learning Theory 
C) Operant Conditioning 
D) Classical Conditioning 
12) According to ____________, development is a socially mediated process.
A) Piaget 
B) Vygotsky 
C) Bronfenbrenner 
D) Lorenz