Weber State University

                Department of Botany

Botany 2104, Plant Form and Function

A copy of the Final Exam from Autumn 2001 (PDF) is available.  You can use the relevant questions from that final as a practice exam.  Please be aware that the course material was in a different order in 2001-2002. 

Botany 2104 - F09.  Exam 2 Topics 

This is not meant to be an exhaustive list.  My intention is to hit the highlights and provide a reminder of key material covered.  Due to the nature of the course, you don’t have a distinction between “lab” and “lecture” material.  ALL  ACTIVITIES  THAT  LEAD  YOU  TO  LEARN  SOMETHING  ABOUT  BOTANY  ARE  FAIR  GAME  FOR  YOUR  EXAMS!!!  These activities include (but are not limited to)  making observations of plant materials, doing experiments, and getting information via lectures and videos.

Experimental design 
    positive control, negative control 
    mean, median, mode   
    distribution, range, standard deviation, variation  
    ANOVA, t-test, P-value

Eukaryotic Cell
organelles:  identify, describe, give the function of the cell wall, plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, middle lamella, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, plastids (amyloplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts, chloroplasts), mitochondria, microbodies (glyoxysomes and peroxisomes), ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, vacuole, tonoplast
know which organelles you can see with a light microscope and which are visible only with an electron microscope
Based on the function of a particular cell or tissue, can you predict which organelles should be present in the cells?  For example, what organelles would you expect to find in the storage cells of a seed that stores starch and fat?  Why would you expect each to be there?

Plant Cells and Tissues
    tissue types:  meristematic tissues (apical meristem; primary meristems:  protoderm, ground meristem, procambium; lateral meristems:  cork cambium, vascular cambium), dermal tissues (epidermis, periderm. cork, phelloderm), vascular tissues (xylem, phloem), ground tissues (pith, cortex, mesophyll, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
    functions of the tissues; know the cell types found in each tissue; know the tissue specific functions of the cells
    be able to identify, describe, and give the function(s) of various plant cell types:  parenchyma cell, collenchyma cell (angular, lamellar). sclerenchyma cell (fiber, sclereid [brachysclereid, astrosclereid]), tracheid, vessel element, sieve tube element, companion cell,  trichome, guard cells and subsidiary cells, bulliform cells

Stephen J. Gould Video: Darwin's Revolution in Thought  
    theory 
    natural selection 
    Why did Darwin not use the word evolution? 
Be able to relate natural selection to the modifications found in roots, stems, and leaves which result in a plant that is adapted to a particular place and time.
    
Plant Anatomy
    Be able to identify cells and tissues in photographs, diagrams, models, etc. of sectioned material.

Roots:    functions; types of root systems
    modifications and their functions
    root/microbe interactions:  Rhizobium, mycorrhizae
    root regions or zones
    development (apical meristem —> 1° meristems  —>   1° tissues)
    compare tissue arrangements in monocots and eudicots
    functions of tissues
    cell types found in tissues and the cell functions within those tissues
    endodermis, Casparian strip 
    pericycle
    root hairs
    origin of branch (lateral) roots
    adventitious roots 
    rhizosphere

Stems:  functions
    modifications and their functions
    features of stem tips:  meristems, leaf primordia, bud primordia
    development (apical meristem —> 1° meristems  —>   1° tissues)
    compare tissue arrangements in monocots and eudicots
    functions of tissues
    cell types found in tissues and the cell functions within those tissues
    How does the origin of branch stems differ from the origin of branch roots?

Leaves:  functions
    modifications and their functions
    phyllotaxy:  alternate, opposite, whorled
    development (apical meristem —> 1° meristems  —>   1° tissues)
    compare tissue arrangements in monocots and eudicots
    functions of tissues
    cell types found in tissues
    venation patterns:  parallel, palmately netted venation, pinnately netted venation
    petiole, blade, stipules, sessile, compound leaves (palmate and pinnate), simple leaves
    pine needles
    evergreen vs. deciduous
    programmed cell death and abscission

Be able to trace the lineage of cells and tissues from the apical meristem to 1° tissues, both forwards and backwards.

Be prepared to compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) the anatomy and morphology of monocots and eudicots.

What products do we obtain from various plant organs?  What features of the anatomy of the plants make them good for these uses?


STUDY THE PICTURES IN YOUR BOOK!!  Additional pictures of plant anatomy slides can be found at:   Plant Anatomy Laboratory by J. D. Mauseth at the University of  Texas at Austin;  The General Botany Image Collection (Botany 130) at the University of Wisconsin at Madison; Plant Anatomy (Biology 311) by Alison Roberts at the University of Rhode Island; and The Plant Anatomy Home Page (Botany 410) by David Webb at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa

Refer to the questions at the end of your lab exercises and the chapters in your textbook for more review material.  Don’t be surprised if some, if not all, of the essay questions on your exams come from these sources and this review sheet.

Botany 2104 Home Page                        Botany 2104 Syllabus                Botany 2104 Schedule

15 October 2009