Botany  LS1203 - Plant  Biology - Spring 2011

Terms and sample questions for Exam 3. 

Each set of notes has a review list at the end of it.  Try writing answers to all of the questions given in those lists.  In addition to the topics on the list, you should also know important terms.  Use the following list to supplement the other lists.  The following includes most (hopefully all) of the terms that go with the material covered for your last exam.  For many of the terms, it’s not just a matter of being able to define them. You need to be able to describe their role in a process or structure and distinguish between similar terms.

Exam 3 has 120 points.   Exams 1 and 2 were each 100 points.

symbiosis
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
symbiotic nitrogen fixation
rhizobia bacteria
legumes
nitrogenase
producer
consumer
decomposer
autotrophic
photosynthetic
chemosynthetic (chemoautotroph)
parasite
saprobe
nitrogen cycle
ammonification
nitrification
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
nodule
bacteroid
leghemoglobin
rhizosphere
cyanobacteria
heterocyst
cycad 
Azolla (water fern)

mycorrhizae
endomycorrhizae 
orchids 
VAM (vescicular arbuscular mycorrhizae)
ectomycorrhizae 
trehalose

eukaryotic
prokaryotic

cell
nucleus
cell wall
cellulose
symbiosis
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
Phylum
producer
consumer
decomposer
multicellular
unicellular
 

clone
apomixis 
asexual reproduction
vegetative reproduction
sexual reproduction 
tissue culture 
anther culture
explant 
root sprouts/suckers
layering 
air layering 
auxin 
grafting  
scion, root stock
cleft graft 
whip graft

gamete
zygote
pollen grain
sepal/calyx
petal/corolla
stamen
anther, filament
pistil
stigma, style, ovary 
ovule  
peduncle
receptacle
complete, incomplete
perfect, imperfect
monoecious, dioecious
regular, irregular
superior ovary, inferior ovary
solitary flower, inflorescence

pollination
fertilization

gamete
zygote
embryo
pollen grain
pollen tube
central cell/polar nuclei
egg
endosperm 
double fertilization

seed dormancy
stratification
scarification
seed bank

seed coat (testa)
integuments
cotyledon
radicle
plumule
coleoptile
coleorhiza
scutellum
hilum
tap root system
fibrous root system
pericarp
exocarp
mesocarp
endocarp
simple fruit

refer to the notes for the types of  simple fruits

compound fruit
aggregate fruit
multiple fruit
accessory fruit 
parthenocarpic

Kingdom
Plant
Vascular plants
Bryophytes
Algae
Fungi
Protista
Mycota
autotrophic
photosynthetic
parasite
saprobe
red algae
green algae
charophytes
brown algae
dinoflagellates
diatoms
photosynthetic pigments
chlorophyll a
accessory pigments
chlorophyll  b
chlorophyll  c 
phycobilins 
carotenoids 
perdinin
fucoxanthin
Floridean starch  
starch 
amylopectin 
laminarin  
chrysolaminarin

cellulose
agar
carrageenan
coralline algae
calcium carbonate 
alginic acid 
red tides  
algal blooms
Laminaria  
Porphyra 
Undaria
   
Ulva
Chondrus crispus 
Macrocystis 
Gracililaria 
Dunaliella salina 
pink snow
β-carotene
glycerol 
diatomaceous earth

hyphae
mycelium
chytrids
zygomycetes
endomycorrhizae
ascomycetes (sac fungi)
ectomycorrhizae
endophyte
basidiomycetes (club fungi)
fairy ring
Puccinia monoica
tall fescue
alkaloids
Claviceps purpurea  (ergot)
Oyster mushrooms
lichen
chitin
rusts and smuts
imperfect fungi
bioluminscence 
Simon Schwendener
Beatrix Potter
foliose
crustose
fruticose
haustoria
pioneer organisms
reindeer moss

soil
sand
silt
clay
loam
weathering 
biotic 
abiotic 
organic matter 
humus

pioneer community
seral stages
climax comminuty
biotic
abiotic
primary succession
secondary succession
xerosere succession
hydrosere succession
poikilohydry
cryptobiotic soil crusts
soil fines
humus
nitrogen fixation
cyanobacteria
allelopathy

population
community
ecosystem
biotic factors, abiotic factors
producers, consumers, decomposers
autotrophic, heterotrophic
biological magnification.
cryptobiotic crusts
biome
Tundra
Taiga 
Moist Coniferous Forest  Temperate Deciduous Forest
Southern Pine Forest
Grassland
Mountain Forest Complex
    Lower Sonoran Life Zone
    Upper Sonoran Life Zone
    Transitional Life Zone
    Canadian Life Zone
    Hudsonian Life Zone
    Alpine Life Zone
Desert (Hot and Cold)
Chaparral
Tropical Rain Forest. 

bryophytes  
mosses 
liverworts 
hornworts  
elators
seedless vascular plants
ferns 
circinate vernation
club mosses
horsetails
whisk ferns
strobilus
sporophyll 
sporangium
seed plants
gymnosperms
cycads
conifers
Ginkgo
gnetophytes
angiosperms

sporic life cycle
gametic life cycle 
zygotic life cycle 
gametophyte 
sporophyte 
spore 
gamete


In symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the fixation reaction is performed by
A. legumes     B. mycorrhizae     C. Rhizobium bacteria

Nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrate are examples of
A.  heterotrophs        B.  chemosynthetic autotrophs            C.  photosynthetic autotrophs

A plant that can dry out, enter a dormant stage, and revive when it is rehydrated is
A. allelopathic        B. poikilohydric        C. impossible

In a plant succession, the plants that immediately follow the pioneer community are the
A. secondary succession     B. seral stage      C. climax stage

The biome with the greatest species diversity is the
A. temperate deciduous forest        B. tundra      C. desert       
D. tropical rain forest        E.  mountain forest complex

Nitrogen cycle:  ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation (symbiotic and free-living), denitrification, N assimilation by plants
What roles do bacteria play in the different steps of the nitrogen cycle? In particular, address their roles in nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification

Some seeds are dormant until stratification takes place.  What is stratification?  Why is it an important dormancy mechanism?

Be able to recognize the parts of a flower in a drawing.

Be able to match specific flower structures/features with pollinators.

Know strategies that promote out-crossing.

Give one example of each of the following types of fruit:
berry =                    drupe =    
pome =                    legume =

Be able to recognize the parts of a seed.

How is a seed important to plants?

Know the trophic levels in ecosystems and the types of organisms found at each level: decomposers, consumers, producers.

What is the difference between a primary plant succession and a secondary plant succession?

In what types of habitats do you find cryptobiotic soil crusts? What are the main types of organisms found in cryptobiotic soil crusts? Name three specific advantages that the crust organisms provide to their ecosystem. How do the organisms provide each of the advantages you gave?

Be able to locate biomes on a map of North America.

Videos: The Birds and the Bees, Branching Out, Plant Politics


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10 April 2011