exam1

Weber State University
Department of Botany

BTNY LS1203 - Plant Biology - Spring 2011

Terms/concepts and sample questions for Exam 1. The first exam covers material through gene expression and heredity.

The following includes most (hopefully all) of the terms that go with the material covered for your first exam. For many of the terms, it’s not just a matter of being able to define them. You need to be able to describe their role in a process, structure, etc. and distinguish between similar terms.

economic botany trophic level producer consumer decomposer autotrophic heterotrophic metabolism respiration photosynthesis scientific classification Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division) Class Order Family Genus Species specific epithet science theory observation hypothesis experiment control variable natural selection evolution co-evolution adaptation element atom proton neutron electron nucleus (atom) atomic number atomic mass isotope ion ionic bond salt covalent bond polar covalent bond hydrogen bond (H-bond) nonpolar covalent bond solvent solute hydrophilic hydrophobic primary metabolite secondary metabolite polymer monomer	carbohydrate sugar protein amino acid lipid triglycerides fatty acid nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) nucleotide condensation reaction hydrolysis reaction glucose fructose sucrose starch cellulose peptide bond enzymes phospholipid bilayer wax cutin suberin N-base: cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine/uracil ATP/ADP semi-conservative replication genetic code transcription translation genotype phenotype organic acid intermediate lignin chlorophyll carotenoid cell eukaryotic cell organelle nucleus (cell) plastid chloroplast chromoplast amyloplast mitochondria vacuole endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus plasma membrane ribosomes cell wall protoplast protoplasm cytoplasm cytosol	cell cycle interphase: G₁, S, G₂ chromosome chromatid centromere kinetochore spindle apparatus mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase cytokinesis cell plate plasmodesmata ploidy: haploid (1n), diploid (2n) meiosis: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II homologous chromosomes meiosis I, meiosis II meristem sporocyte spore (eukaryotic) gamete: egg, sperm zygote fertilization sporophyte gametophyte gene mRNA tRNA rRNA mutation substitution mutation frame shift mutation chromosome deletion chromosome translocation chromosome inversion Gregor Mendel hybrid pure-breeding line homozygous heterozygous dominant recessive allele monohybrid cross dihybrid cross complete dominance incomplete dominance Punnett square product law of probability
science as a process characteristics of water characteristics of life natural selection features of the genetic code Be able to identify and give at least one function for each of the following cell structures: nucleus, plastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, mitochondria, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, ribosomes, cell wall, cytosol.

Sample exam questions

Phospholipids form a bilayer because
A. the entire molecule is hydrophobic       B. the entire molecule is hydrophilic
C. the phosphate end is hydrophilic and the lipid end is hydrophobic
D.   the phosphate end is hydrophobic and the lipid end is hydrophilic

Starch is a polymer of
A. cellulose       B. glucose       C. amino acids   D. nucleotides

The essential amino acids are
A. usually made by plants in plastids       B. the ones we must obtain from our food   C. A and B

The smallest portion of an element that retains the properties of the element is the
A. nucleus       B. electron       C. atom       D. neutron       E. proton

The linkage in which two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a (n)
A. hydrogen bond       B. ionic bond       C. covalent bond

An example of a covalent bond would be
A. NaCl   B. peptide bond

The structure that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cytoplasm is the
A. cell wall   B. plasma membrane       C. vacuole       D. middle lamella   E. plasmodesmata

A plastid specialized for the long term storage of starch is the
A. chloroplast   B. chromoplast   C. amyloplast

Why is water such a good solvent for ions? Why is water such a good solvent for polar molecules like sucrose?

What functions are found in all plastids? What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

MATCHING. Print the letter (upper case) of the matching term from column B in the space before the description in column A. Some of the choices in column B will not be used.

Column A

______ 1. protein catalyst

______ 2. the linkage in which two atoms share a pair of electrons

______ 3. the structure that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

______ 4. the organelle where the chromosomes are located

______ 5. structures that perform protein synthesis

Column B
A. amyloplast        B. atom        C. cell wall        D. chloroplast        E. chromoplast        F. condensation        G. covalent bond
H. electron        I. element        J. enzyme        K. hydrogen bond (H-bond)        L. hydrolysis        M. ion        N. ionic bond
O. isotope        P. mitochondria        Q. neutron        R. nucleus of an atom        S. nucleus of a cell        T. plasma membrane
U. proplastid        V. proton        W. ribosomes          X. vacuole

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26 January 2011