| CONTENT | CONCEPT/THEMES | CASES | CONSTITUTIONAL CONNECTIONS |
| A Reconstructed Nation Shifting relationships among Federal Gov’t., State Gov’t., individual citizens | Change Constitutional Principles Places and Regions Civic Values | Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) | Privileges and Immunities Due Process Guarantees Protecting Property |
| Impact of Civil War on Federal and State Governments’ relationships/ Economic, Industrial/ American Society | Change Places and Regions Factors of Production Constitutional Principles Government | Munn v. Illinois (1877) | The Constitution and Public Interest versus Free Enterprise’s Property Rights and Due Process |
| Economic Transformation Business response to change New business and government practices | Change Constitutional Principles Human Systems Factors of Production Individual, Groups, Institutions | Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886) | The word “person” in the 14th Amendment applies to business corporations Equal Protection |
| New business and government practices Railroad “pooling” rate inequities | Economic Systems Physical Systems | Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886) | Federal Commerce Clause State Regulatory Power on Interstate and Intrastate Commerce |
| Transportation Railroads Rate Inequities | Economic Systems Constitutional Principles Science and Technology Human Systems | Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota (1890) | Procedural Due Process (hearing) before State can regulate rates |
| Competition Sherman Anti-Trust Act Monopolies | Economic Systems Government | United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) | 10th Amendment may provide States the right to regulate local manufacturing |
| Labor's response to economic change--major labor strikes | Factor of Production Human Systems Government |
In Re Debs (1896) | Government's enumerated powers to regulate commerce and support general welfare |
| “Trust Busting” | Government Reform Movements Economic Systems | Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904) | Commerce Clause and Restraint of Trade |
| Struggles for fair standard of business operation and working conditions | Science and Technology Human Systems Reform Movements | Lochner v. New York (1905) | Substantive Due Process “Liberty to contract” versus the State’s interest for the public welfare |
| Progressivism and government action | Government Change Civic Values Reform Movements | Swift v. United States (1905) | “Stream of Interstate Commerce” Congressional Power versus Free Enterprise |
| Women, families and work—
traditional roles Business
Operations Women’s Rights |
Economic System Factors of
Production Human Systems
Cultural and Intellectual Life |
Muller v. Oregon (1908) | Women’s 14th Amendment “Privilege” to work more is out-weighed by the State’s interest to protect the conditions in which women toil |
| World War I: Effects on domestic reform | Government Civic Values Human Systems Factors of Production Economic Systems | Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | Interstate Commerce and Child Labor |
| Controversial Aspects of the New Deal: Constitutional Issues | Government Change Factors of Production Economic Systems | Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1937) | Presidential Power versus Congressional Power Federalism Reserve Power of State |
| Wagner Act | Government Economic Systems | National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) | Commerce Clause Art. 1 Sec. 8, p. 3 Labor Relations Congressional Power |
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