1. When development proceeds from the center of the body outward, it is known as
A. the systematic system.
B. the bi-directional trend.
C. the proximodistal trend.
D. the cephalocaudal trend.
ans: C
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2. Which of the following characteristics of neurons is false?
A. They reproduce in the cerebral cortex but not in the brain stem.
B. They communicate with other neurons.
C. Neonates have approximately the same number of them as adults.
D. They are in the central and peripheral nervous system.
ans: A
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3. Compared to other infants, Iranian infants who were kept in cribs on their backs
A. went more slowly through a different developmental sequence for walking.
B. walked sooner.
C. went through the same developmental sequence for walking, only more slowly.
D. walked at the same age.
ans: A
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4. Habituation/dishabituation is a method used to study infant __________ .
A. visual development
B. conceptual development
C. auditory development
D. all of the above
ans: D
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5. The visual cliff was used to study.
A. color perception.
B. brightness preference.
C. visual acuity.
D. depth perception.
ans: D
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6. According to Piaget, the infant's central way of knowing the world is through
A. reflexes.
B. mental representations.
C. sensorimotor schemes.
D. logical and mathematical operations.
ans: C
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7. Which of the following involves noticing that a stimulus is identical or similar to one experienced previously?
A. Reconstruction.
B. Recall.
C. Retrieval.
D. Recognition.
ans: D
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8. When demonstrating _________ circular reactions, infants will vary their actions to assess their consequences for an outcome (e.g., throwing objects off a table in different ways).
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. none of the above
ans: C
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9. Object permanence refers to the concept that
A. an object's identity remains the same even when its appearance changes.
B. some objects will exist forever.
C. an object is most likely to be found in the location it was last seen.
D. an object has a permanent existence that is independent of our perceptual contact with it.
ans: D
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10. Which of the following is the best example of a symbol?
A. a word that stands for an object.
B. a facial  expression that is associated with emotional reaction.
C. a drawing that looks a little like a vegetable
D. all of the above.
ans: A
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11. At what age is there an increase in the capacity for recall?
A. Before 2-4 months
B. About 6-8 months
C. About 12-15 months
D. About 34 months.
ans: B
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12. The nativist/ethological (or as identified in the textbook Modular) view of the infant mind
A. supports Piaget's stepwise theory of development.
B. argues that infants come to understand their physical world only through experience.
C. proposes that socio-emotional development facilitates the construction of some types of knowledge.
D. assumes that each type of knowledge has its own genetically prewired neural system in the brain.
ans: D
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13. According to Vygotsky, voluntary attention, memory, and problem solving
A. result from the child's interaction with the physical environment.
B. originate in the genetic structure of the brain.
C. result from the physical world acting upon the child.
D. originate in social interaction.
ans: D
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