1. ____________ is defined as change in a positive direction.
A. Transition
B. Development
C. Alteration
D. Aariation
ans: B
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2. The major problem with having a science based on identifying developmental change  is that the term "developmental" is
A. subjective -- no two people can agree on the meaning of the term.
B. relative -- people define the term relative to their theoretical assumptions.
C. unscientific -- people can not prove claims that development change has occurred
D. meaningless -- nobody can see developmental change so it can’t be measured.
ans: B
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3. Which of the following is not a theoretical issue in developmental psychology?
A. Environmental vs. biological determinants of behavior
B. Generality vs. specificity of development.
C. Continuity vs. discontinuity of change.
D. Internal vs. external validity
ans: D
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4. Discontinuity theorists portray development as
A. characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid abrupt change.
B. largely determined by early experience.
C. highly variable from individual to individual.
D. gradual change.
ans: A
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5. When stages are said to be universal, it is typical meant that the stages...
A. should apply to all children.
B. should apply across all domains.
C. should apply to the rate of development.
D. a and b above.
ans: D
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6. In comparison with Freud, Erikson placed more emphasis on
A. physical development.
B. intellectual development.
C. role of parents.
D. social & cultural influences.
ans: D
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7. Wh one of the following pairs of theorists proposed stage theories of development?
A. Piaget, Bandura
B. Freud, Lorenz
C. Bronfenbrenner, Erikson
D. Freud, Piaget
ans: D
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8. Piaget's theory of development differs from information-processing theory in that only Piaget’s theory is based on
A. feedback.
B. environmental stimulation.
C. general cognitive stages.
D. inherited IQ.
ans: C
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9. The Ethological theory of development highlights the importance of
A. the social and historical context.
B. biological and genetic processes.
C. environmental contingencies.
D. interpersonal relations.
ans: B
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10. A researcher known for the Ecological Systems approach to development is
A. Bronfenbrenner
B. Freud
C. Lorenz
D. Piaget
ans: A
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11. The approach that emphasizes the role of modeling in the development of behavior is  best known as:
A. Behaviorism
B. Social Learning theory
C. Operant conditioning
D. Classical conditioning
ans: B
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12. According to ____________, development is a socially mediated process.
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Bronfenbrenner
D. Lorenz
ans: B
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